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MONUMENTS OF TRADITIONAL
PEASANT ARCHITECTURE
OF ALTAI

by K.V. Gregoritchev, O.A. Fedorenko, T.K. Scheglova

Five-wall House with Prirub

Address: Altai Territory, Talmenka
23 Pionerskaia str.

built in the beginning of the XXth centuryby the owner, migrant from Ukraine, Ivan Sergeevich Yatsutko, in Lugovoe village. In 1946-1947 he transported it to Talmenka village.

Picture. General View. 17.7Kb
General View

The estate is situated in the eastern part of the village on cross-section of streets Pionerskaia and Kuibisheva (the route of Barnaul-Talmenka highway), the house stretches along Pionerskaia str., 8 m from the road. There is a front garden. The house occupies the south-eastern coner of a large farm with small marsh on the north side, a row of household buildings stretches frome south to north in the eastern part. The farm is overgrown with meadow grass.

Plan.
Plan

Dwelling two-room house has izba, gornitsa and prirub built at the northen side facing to the yard. Pine-tree log structure is 11 logs high 27-30 cm in diameter. The logs are connected in "round joint" style with large margine. Packed with moss. The log structure is put on larch stools. There is a cellar 1.20 meters high. The roof is made of boards. Entry way is placed at the eastern side. The door's jamb has wide plank lining. There is a porch with a cap and banisters on eastern and northern sides.

Elements of jamb  and plank under cornice. 8.5 Kb
Elements of jamb cover and plank under cornice

The log structure has 7 semi-circular window openings: 1 eastern, 4 southern and 2 western. The windows are symmetrical with big lintels. All planks of jamb cover are decorated with intricate cut carvings, especially it is concentrated on keel-form lintells with large central ornament in the front upper part and large ornament on lintel. The house is distinguished for abundant carvings on planks covering the butt-ends of timbers and hanging down from cornice. Carvings on verge planks of the western front part is made in blind gouge technique. The overhang of carnice encircles the eastern, southern, and western sides of the house with plaiting elements made in two levels. The interior decorations of windows and a door between izba and gornitsa with complex semi-circular jambs has remained.

Type: Five-wall house with prirub at the long wall, a monument of migrant culture with features of south Russia traditions in construction details and decoration.


Six-wall (Cross-wall) House

Address: Altai Territory, Talmenka
88 Kirova str.

the end of the XIXth century. built by an old resident peasant Dmitry Kazantsev.

Picture. General View. 17.7Kb
General View

The estate is situated in the old part of the village on Kirova street. The house is built in the north-western part of the estate, 3 m from the road, perpendicular to the street.

Plan.
Plan

The log structure is made of pine logs connected in "round joint" style with large margine. Logs are 26-30 ñì in diametre. The house is 13 logs high above the ground, with 4 logs for the underground podklet. The planning type is cross-wall four-room house with inner walls going through down to the basement; with veranda at the eastern side, displaced to the north-east. There is a large podklet (about 2 m high) under the entire house made of 4 rows of logs of the outer walls and crossed inner walls. The frame of foundation juts out around the wall of the podklet. The hatches from four upper rooms lead doun to each room of the podklet. There is an outside entry way to the north-eastern section of podklet. The roof has gable construction, covered with slate over boards. The entrance is sityated at the south-eastern yard front. The inner hight of the log structure is uneven: the north-eastern half and the north-western room is 2 m high, the south-eastern room is 2.30 m high.

Elements of jamb cover. 11 kb
Elements of jamb cover

The door openings with jambs. The log structure has 8 windows: 1 south-eastern, symmetrical north-eastern and north-western (2 on each side), 3 south-western (two close to each other, one apart). The jamb covers have large rectangular lintel and carnice on north-eastern, north-western (facing street) and south-western fronts and lintel with jutting carnice on south-western side with primary geometrical ornaments (diamonds, broken diamonds).

Type: Six-wall (cross-wall) house with high podklet, a monument of old resident architecture with features of north Russia traditions in construction details.


Six-wall (Cross-wall) House.

Address: Altai Territory, Talmenka
82 Tikhonova str.

built in 1915 by local old resident peasants.

South-western facade. 17.7kb
South-western facade

The house is situated in the old part of Talmenka on Tikhonova str., parallel to the road, 5 m from it. The planning type is a cross-wall with timber roof, veranda and high podklet.

Plan.
Plan

The log structure is 14 logs above the ground, connected in "round joint" style with large margine. The pine logs are 25-28 cm in diametre, packed with moss. The log structure is put on wooden posts. The front is covered with boards in vertical direction, without carnice. At the north-eastern (towards yard) facade a semi-log veranda is built, its upper half is lined with vertical boards. The entrance is made at the yard side: high porch with banisters leading to veranda. The door opening is low, with jambs. Veranda has shed roof.

South-eastern and north-eastern facades. 15 kb
South-eastern and north-eastern facades

The log structure has 7 windows. The north-western facade has two symmetrical windows of original small size in its northern part, in the southern part the window is logged up. The jamb coversis made of narrow planks without decorations, the head plank has carnice, the side planks obliquely cut at the bottom emerge down. The south-western (towards the street) facade has four big windows. They are symmetrical, two connected ones on both sides divided by emerging butt-ends of inner wall logs. The south-eastern facade has one logged up window in the southern half and another large one in the eastern half. The window openings of south-eastern and south-western facades are enlarged, the jambs have later covers of original form.

Type: Six-wall (cross-wall) house with high podklet and saddle timber roof, a monument of old resident architecture with features of north Russia traditions in construction details.


Five-wall House with High Podklet.

Address: Altai Territory, Talmenka
97 Tikhonova str.

built in the second half of the XIXth century by a peasant old resident family, the Kuznetsovs.

South-western facade. 17.7kb
South-western facade

The large estate is situated in the old part of Talmenka on Tikhonova str. The house is built in the centre of north-eastern part of the estate, 10 m from the road, parallel to it. It has five-wall planning with high podklet and prirub.

Plan.
Plan

The log structure is high, 16 pine logs above the ground, 24-28 cm in diametre, connected in "round joint" style with large margine, 2 rows down to the podklet. The log structure is pup on wooden stools, packed with moss, the slots between logs are puttied with clay and whitewashed. The podklet is over 2 m high, made of 6 rows of logs (4 above the ground, and 2 under). In north-western dwelling area of podklet the wall are whitewashed, the walls of south-eastern part are made of dirt. The entrance to the south-eastern part of podklet is built in the eastern coner of izba through a hatch with a staircase 2.05 m high. The yard entrance to the podklet goes through a boarden annex at the north-eastern facade. The 2nd and 3rd logs of south-eastern facade have small rectangular window with wooden shutter. The house have saddle timber roof with big post logs (over 50 cm), covered with slate. The south-eastern pediment has rectangle dormer window. A semi-log veranda is built at the south-eastern facade on 2/3 of total length, displaced towards south-east. Veranda is made of 11 semi-logs (the cuts on outside). There is a capped porch along veranda (2/3 of its length), surrounded by boards. Veranda has shed roof extending over the porch. The porch has three high steps on south-east. The level of porch and prirub floor is lower than the floor of izba; inside veranda has two wide and high steps at the door to izba.

North-eastern facade. 15 kb
North-eastern facade

The log structure has 8 small windows. The north-western facade has 2 windows, one above the other, displaced to south-west. The lower window is on the ground level. The south-eastern facade has 4 windows, displaced to north-west; they are symmetrical, a pair above, a pair below. The lower windows are on the ground level. The south-eastern facade has two symmetrical upper windows. The window openings have jambs and covers. The planks of the covers have no decorations, the lintel is high and has a carnice. The jamb covers of podklet windows (the lower ones) are made of planks of the same width, without any decorations.

Type: Five-wall house with high podklet and prirub along the long wall, a monument of old resident architecture with features of north Russia traditions in construction details.


Five-wall House with Prirub

Address: Altai Territory,
Novo-Yelovka

built in the beginning of the XXth century.In 1940 was moved to the contemporary location from the northern part of the village.

South-western facade. 17.7kb
South-western facade

The house is situated in the eastern part of Novoelovka. It is placed along the road, 2 m from it.

Plan.
Plan

The plan of the house is a streched rectangle, divided by the inner crossing wall into two uneven rooms 5.2õ4.2 m and 5.2õ4.3 m. At the northern facade there is a prirub 2.7x9 m with a separate roof. The log structure is 2.4 m high, made of pine logs 18-22 cm connected in "round joint" style, 12 logs high, slots are packed with tow and puttied with clay. The house has saddle slate roof. The eastern gable has diamond-shape dormer window. There is a hatch to the attic at the western facade.

Window jamb cover. 15 kb
Window jamb cover

The southern street facade has 4 windows placed symmetrically. The western facade has 1 window displaced towards south, and a window in prirub. The windows are 70 x 1.10 m, jamb covers are 1.10 x 1.08 m. The windows have arc tops. The jamb covers have large lintel decorated in the cetnre with a festoon and three bunches. The upper part of lintel has large ornament, surrounded on both sides with two animal figures. Two round ornaments decorate the sides of lintel. The side planks of jamb cover are decorated with superimposed plaited column. The bottom part of jamb cover has thorough carvings.

Type: Five-wall house with high podklet and prirub at the long wall, a monument of old resident architecture with features of north Russia traditions in construction details.


Izba-Sviaz

Address: Altai Territory, Ust-Kalmansky region
Mikhailovka, 1 Mostovaia str.

built in the 80s of the XIXth centuryby Vasily Fedotovitch and Marfa Vasilievna Ostroukhovs, migrants from Samara province.

General view.
General view

The house is situated in the old part of the village, built in the centre of the estate, short side towards the street, long side along the river.

Plan.
Plan

The house is a typical sviaz, without prirubs, with 3 rooms: izba, warm seni, gornitsa. The entrance does not have porch or cap, it is made in the northern side, facing river Sludenka. The entry way leades to the middle room (seni) that has a door to the gornitsa on the left and a door to the izba on the right. The larch logs are connected in "corner joint" style with large margine, 11 logs high. Without foundation. The bottom row of logs is put on the ground and was suppressed into it. The planning of the house is shown by the emerging ends of inner wall logs. The slots between logs are packed with moss, and later puttied with clay. The roof is hipped, covered with boards. There is a low (about 1 m) podklet under the house; the entry way to the podklet is a hatch in izba.

Southern and eastern facades
Southern and eastern facades

The windows are located with regard to the cardinal points: 4 on the South, 1 on the East, 2 on the West. Windows are small (5-6 logs high), with jamb covers. Some jamb covers have original decoration of stretched diamonds, broken in the middle with sun ornament. The side vertices of diamonds have arrow-shaped tips. The upper part of lintel has narrow carnice. The entrance door has jambs and jamb covers. The porch without cap has 1 step. Walls and ceiling aren't plastered, the slots are packed and whitewashed.

Type: Ground level izba-sviaz, a monument of migrant architecture with features of middle Russia traditions in construction details.


Two-storied Five-wall House.

Address: Altai Territory, Ust-Kalmansky region
Ust-Kalmanka, 16 Lenina str.6

built in the end of the XIXth century by a peasant Martemian Markov for his two sons.

General view.
General view

The house is situated in the central street in the old part of the village, 8-9 m from the road, open to approach from every side.

Plan of the 1st floor.
Plan of the 1st floor
Plan of the 2nd floor.
Plan of the 2nd floor

The log structure of large larch logs (40-50 cm in diametre). The house is 13 logs above the ground, and 2 rows below the ground level. Originally the house was built on the gound, and when the structure started to subside, the lower row was supported with stone under the outer walls. It emerges in the 1st floor and is lined with boards. The constructors used only larch in building the house: floor and ceiling is made of thick (6-7 cm) larch boards. The structure is reinforced with larch joists (about 60 sm in diametre on the 1st floor). The emerging ends of logs are covered with boards. The inner planning type is five-wall house with warm seni and izba, therefore it has two stoves on the 1st and on the 2nd floor. A steep staircase between the floors is placed in warm seni. The house has hipped roof, covered with slates over the original larch board covering.

Elements
Elements

The house has small windows without jamb covers of different forms (6 types). The principles of all decorations is geometrical forms: combination of straight lines, rectangles and triangles. One window on the facade on the 2nd floor has triangular lintel framed with lath, the bottom part of jamb cover is a board with wavy edge, with shutters. Windows of the 2nd floor on the western side and a window on the southern side have similar decorations, but without shutters. A window on the southern wall has a simple jamb cover: trapezium-shaped head plank, side planks have flat figure tops. The northern window on the western side on the 1st floor has lintel of rectangular form stretched horizontally. The lintel is framed with lath, enhancing the geometry of the forms. The sides of the lintel are accentuated with additional vertical laths. There is a standard superimposed rhombus in its centre. The 1st floor window on the southern side has similar decoration except without rhombus. The southern window on the western side on the 1st floor has lintel of pentagonal shape. There are rectangles made of lath on the sides. In the centre of lintel a standard rhombus is placed. Windows have close-set sash. The eastern wall has one rectangular window with jambs.

Type:Two-storied five-wall house, a monument of old resident architecture.

 


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