Process maping history. The first half of the XVIIIth century

Beginning of the part The first half of the XVIIth century The second half of the XVIIth century The second half of the XVIIIth century The first half of the XIXth century The second half of the XIXth century Beginning of the XXth century Fragment of modern trace of Peter Chichagov 1729

At the beginning of the XVIIIth century the activity of the Tobolsk cartographer Peter Remezov was going on. His draughts made in the way, traditional for the second half of the XVIIth century, they are drawn at will wothout any relation to the grid, although the the cardinal points are taken into consideration. That's why the modern scientists believe Remezov to be more a "grafic artist", than a cartographer. The time of Peter's reforms had an effect on the development of the cartography in Russia. In Moscow and in St.-Petersburg "Navy Schools" were founded, whose pupils studied land-surveying and got new practical scills to applied determination of geografical co-ordinates. Upon graduation land-surveyors could do the applied surveying of any locality and draw maps with the grid. In West Siberia the first applied surveying was carried out by the geodesist Peter Chichagov. As the alumnus of Moscow's Navy Akademy he was sent to the Siberian province in 1719 for making general landmaps. Beeing the member of the geografical groop, which went upstream the Irtish, Chichagov sailed to Zaisan Lake. He marked coordinates on the locality along the whole stretch. In the second half of the 1720s Chichagov was sent to Siberia again in order to compile general draughts of districts. In the Upper Ob-side he worked in 1729. The map of the Kuznetsk district is preserved, on which Akinfij Demidov's Kolivan-Voskresensk works - mines and Voskresensk copper-smelting work are for the first time marked. Almost all the Altai Territory is marked on the draught. It was the first russian map of the Upper Ob-side, drawn according to the results of applied surveying and having the grid. The projection of the map is cilindrical.

Autographs of Vassilij Shishkov and Parfion Somov on their map 1736

The next phase of cartographical researching of the Upper Ob-side is connected with the activity of Tomsk and Kuznetsk authorities in 1735-1737. After that Demidov's Kolivan-Voskresensk works were taken in State property, in the South of West Siberia from the Irtish to the Upper Jenissej the famous land-surveyor Vassilij Shishkov and his pupil Parfion Somov were sent there from St.-Petersburg. They were to compile a new general draught of southern districts of the West Siberia with the indication of available mines and metallurgical works. The first known map, made by Shishkov in the Altai Territory, dated back to Oktober, 28 in 1735. It is called "Draught of woods and mines of Kolivan-Voslresensk works". In April 1736 Shishkov and Somov drew "Landmap of Tomsk and Kuznetsk districts". The draught encloses all the Altai Territory and the adjoining districts: from the mouth of the Tom in the North to the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress and Teletskoje Lake in the South, from the river Kulunda and the Semipalatinsk fortress in the West to the Upper Tom in the East. Borders "of the department of Kolivan-Voskresensk works are first shown on it and also the southern borders of Russian Federation are marked there in the Upper Irtish basin and the sources of the Ob. In the same year 1736 the land-surveyor Shishkov and his pupil were sent to discribe favourable sites for works in the Kuznetsk district. In Semtember 1737 Shishkov compiled one of the most detailed map of the south- eastern part of West Siberia of the first half of the XVIIIth century. On this "Landmap of Tomsk, Kuznetsk, Krasnojarsk districts and mines of Kolivan-Voskresensk works" the most settled centres in the south of West Siberia are marked, and borders of Tomsk, Kuznetsk, Krasnojarsk, Tara districts are shown. The copies of Shishkov's maps 1736-1737 were sent to St.-Petersburg's Scientific Akademy and were used by the preperation of the first printed Russian Atlas, published in the capital in 1745.