Proces maping history. The second half of the XVIIIth century

Beginning of the part The first half of the XVIIth century The second half of the XVIIth century The first half of the XVIIIth century The first half of the XIXth century The second half of the XIXth century Beginning of the XXth century Title of the map, published in the book of P.S.Pallas in 1773

The maps of the Upper Ob-side, made in the first half - middle of the XVIIIth century, were handwritten, that means they were made with ink and colours. Typographical circulation required quite another way of making draughts. First the engraver cut the negative of a map on a copper plate, than many (white and black) off-prints were copied. If there were an intention to illustrate the publication with the coloured map, then all the off-prints would be coloured by hand. The first home experiences of publication by typographical style dated back to the middle of the XVIIIth century. These draughts were engraved on copper plates with the preparation of the Academic Atlas of the Russian empire, published in 1745. Printed maps of particular territories of West Siberia appear in the second half of the XVIIIth century. One of the first draughts was the map of the Altai mines and Irtish-side steppes ("Karte des Altaischen ErzgebØrges nebst einem Theil des hohen GebØrgs und den angrazen den salzigen Steppen"), published in the book of P.S.Pallas "Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reiches" (B. 2, Th. 2.), published in St.-Petersburg in 1773. Peter Simon Pallas (1741-1811) briefed on the St.-Petersburg's Scientific Academy travelled to Siberia in 1771-1773. In 1771 he visited north-western regions of Altai, the Barnaul factory, Suzun Coin Jard. Probably specially for Pallas the map of the region, inspected by him, was prepared, which he published then in his travel notes. The edition appeared in St.-Petersburg in German, that's why all the names on the draught are in German. There many details on the map, which were not marked before: localities and hydrosystem, known at that time mines and factories, woods etc. The mountainous relief is drawn as hills. On the map defensive lines are shown, on which fortresses, advanced posts, redoubts, defenses and lighthouses are situated. The peculiarities of Pallas' map is that only two boundary defensive lines are drawn:the old Kolivan line, which existed till the 60s years, and the new Kolivan-Kuznetsk one, built in the second half of the 60s. The map, published in Pallas' book, gave an opportunity to russian and europian readers to learn a new, but well known minig region of Siberia.

Title-page of the "átlas of the Russian Empire", published in 1792 Title of the map of the Kolivan department from the "Russian Atlas", published in 1792

Administrative-territorial reforms in 1780 led to the separation of the territory of Kolivan-Voskresensk works as a separate Kolivan district, then in 1783 - a Kolivan province (region ruled by governor-general). part "History of the region" The printed map of the new province was placed in the "Atlas of tha Russian Empire", published in 1792 in St.-Petersburg. Probably it was the only printed map of the Kolivan province, because it was abolished, according to the Tsar Edict. Anyway the other draughts are not known. The Kolivan province was situated in the South of West Siberia from the right bank of the Irtish to the watershed of tributaries of the Jenissej and the Angara. The territory of the province was divided into 5 districts: Semipalatinsk, Bijsk, Kuznetsk, Kolivan, Krasnojarsk. They were accordingly centres of the provinces. Berdsk stockaded town was determined to be the centre of a new province, later renamed Kolivan. But it didn't lead to the building of a new capital. The population of the Berdsk stockaded town was not numerous, and could not became a capital. Civil and mining authorities decided to stay in the settlement of the Barnaul factory, which was in fact the capital of the Kolivan-Kuznetsk mining department. The State border of the Kolivan province on the map from the Atlas 1792 is shown along the Irtish, on the left bank of which kazakhs wandered from place to place. In the southern direction of the mouth of the Buchtarma the border of Russia with China begins. It streches along the ridge "Hatai or Little Altai", and then along the Sajan Ridge. While work at the map, it must be taken into account, that the engraver made many mistakes, when he transmitted the names: The ridge Sajan is marked as "Sabin", the village Krivischekovo (on the Ob, opposite the mouth of the Inja) - as "Krasnoschekovo", the village Talmenskoje - "Telmenskoje" etc.