The second of the XVIIth century

The first half of the XVIIIth century
The second half of the XVIIIth century

The first half of the XIXth century
The second half of the XIXth century

Beginning of the XXth century

Emblem of the Siberian Empire,
drawn on the throne of the Russian Tsar Michael Fedorovich Romanov (the second quarter of the XVIIth century)

Seal of the Siberian Empire
(XVII ΧΕΛ)

After the doom of the Siberian Empire various tribes and people became members of Russian Federation. At the end of the XVIth century the fortress and town Tjumen (1586), Tobolsk (1587), Tara (1594) and others, which assigned the part of West Siberia to Russian Federation, were built in Transural.

The penetration of the russian troops to the southern part of West Siberia is connected with the forward movement to the East. In 1604 on the Tom, the right tributary of the Ob, on the teritory of Tomsk Tatars the wooden fortress Tomsk was built. In 1618 the Tomsk service men, collecting the tribute from the inhabitans, founded a new fortification in the Upper Tom - Kuznetsk. But here the forward movement to the south stopped. In the middle of the XVIIth century Cossak troops reached the Pacific Ocean, but not the mouth of the Katun and the Bija.

In the first half of the XVIIth century the tribes of the Mongolian-speaking Oirats and Turcik-speaking Teleuts (forefathers of the present-day southern Altai people) lived there. Russians believed theu both to be Kalmicks, but they call Mongolian "black" and Teleuts "white Kalmicks". Teleuts conceded conciderably in force to the Oirat union. The troop of the Teleut prince Abak consisted of about one thousand men, while the Mongolian leaders had from 5 to 10 thousand men.

In the 1620-s Hara-Hoola - one of the most influential Oirat leaders - lived in the mouth of the Chumish, the right tributery of the Ob, who after the doom of East-Mongolian Khans wandered to the North, to the Upper Ob-side. In the mouth of the Chumish the fortress was built by Mongolians in account of the possible attack.

In 1635 after the death of Hara-Hoola the Oirat unionwas headed by his son Bator, who became "hontaidgi", that means "governor". They say, that event signified the foundation of the West-Mongolian State - Dgungaria. At that time in summer on the edict of Bator- hontaidgi alman-collectors ("alman" - tribute, tax) were sent to Teleut prince Abak.

In autumn 1635 Abak died, his elder son Koka became the prince. To the middle of the XVIIth century, as Dgungaria in tensified its influence, the tribute dependence of Teleuts on "black Kalmicks" increased little by little. It's known that in 1647 Prince Koka gave horses to the Mongolian governor as a tribute.

The relations of Teleuts with the Russian State were a little bit different. Teleuts stayed one of few Turcik-speaking people of West Siberia, which didn't pay "jassak" (=tribute) to the Russian Tsar.

The interrelations between Teleuts and the Siberian goverment were not one-sided: sometimes there was peace between them, sometimes they fought. One of the causes