The first half of the XVIIth century

The first half of the XVIIIth century
The second half of the XVIIIth century

The first half of the XIXth century
The second half of the XIXth century

Beginning of the XXth century

Siberian Emblem.
From the Tsar Deed 1690

Kalmick.
Engraving from the book, the end of the XVIIth century

To the beginningof the 1650-s the basis of Tircik-speaking population in the Uper Ob was Teleuts. Their clan union was divided in 2 branches: Ulus Abakovich, which was leaded by Koka, and Ulus Machik, Abak's nephew.

Teleuts were dominated by the Dgungarian empire of West Siberian Mongolian-Oirats, with Batoor-hontaidgi at their head.In the russian data of that time Koka and Machik are called "his servants". From the same data it is known that in autumn 1652 Koka went to Urga - the nomadic site of dgungarian governor, and he always came back accompained by two dgungarian commanders and by a 3 thousand troops.

After Batoor died the political situation became sharp. The intestine struggle for the throne led to the weakening of the state. In this situation the war conflicts began in the Upper Ob, which got the historic name "teleut-oirat wars". But the try of Koka and Machik to get free from the dgungarian citizenship finally didn't succeed. Sengi-hontaidgi, who seized in Dgungaria, managed to suppress unruly Teleut princes. As the historian I. Fisher shows, Koka died as a "fugitive in the steppe" in 1669 or 1670.

The siberian authorities were informed about the events that happened in Dgungaria after Bator's death, they knew about the civil wars between the Teleuts and Oirats. One of the russian ambassadors was the witness of the battle in June 1658, in which Koka' and Machik's troopswere destroyed by the coalition of Mongolians and Teleuts, with the junior son of Abak - Torgout - at their head. In this situation the russian authorities held the neutrality and didn't interfere in the struggle. In the 1660-s Tomsk voivodes, recognising Koka and Machik to be the tribute-payers of Dgungaria, asked Senge for help to calm down Teleuts, who made many raids on the Tomsk and Kuznetsk districts.

From 1670 to 1697 the governor og Dgungaria was Galdan Boshoktow-Khan. The interrelations of Teleuts and the West Mongolian state in this period varied, dependintg on strengthning or weakening of the central power. In the time of feudal disputes and hittings of Galdan, who waged the war with China and eastern Mongolians, the independence of Teleut princes increased. In the period, when Galdan strehgthened his power on Teleuts, his influence acquired a striking character.

From the end of the 1670-s Abak's grandson - Tabun Kokin - was deprived of the right to solve the problem of war and peace, although right to the 1690-s he continued to be independent from Boshoktow-Khan. Tabun's sons, who reigned from the end of the XVIIth century, changed from the half-dependent owners into officials of dgungarian Khan.

The siberian authorities in the second half of the XVIIth century didn't undertake active operations in annexations ofthe Upper Ob-side to Russia.The southern border of Russiain the Ob-side streched along the Inja (near Novosibirsk). At the end of the XVIIth century the boundary with the "Teleut land" was marked on russian draughts some lower, along the river Berd. That meant the place between the Inja and the Berd was included into the territory of the Tomsk province. The tries to build the fortress on the mouth of the Bija and the Katun were renewed at the beginning of the XVIIIth century.